Friday, January 15, 2010

Reducing Fractions
Fractions can be reduced if the numerator and denominator have a greatest common divisor(gcd) greater than 1. The gcd refers to the largest possible integer that will divide evenly into each value. For example, gcd(6,18) = 6, since 6/6 = 1 and 18/6 =3. Six is the largest integer that will divide evenly into each number. If this example were a fraction, we would have
6/18=(6/6)*(1/3)=1*1/3=1/3

Wednesday, December 16, 2009

So how to convert decimals to fractions? Converting fractions to decimals is a rather simple procedure, simply a matter of dividing the numerator by the denominator. But how to convert decimals to fractions? I must say, just as I started writing this article, I was quite flummoxed myself! It's been a while since I had my attention on this rather basic math chapter. But after scratching my head for a while, the method came back to me, and I wish to share the same with you. Here's an article on converting decimals to fractions which will certainly help you with yourhomework.

How to Convert Decimals to Fractions
Converting decimals to fractions is not all that tough. Let me explain this with the help of an example.

Suppose you have the number 8.78 and you want to convert it to the form of a fraction. Here are the steps.
  • First, count the number of digits after the decimal point. In this case, we have two digits.
  • You multiply and divide the given number with another number. The multiplier is always 1 followed by as many zeros as the number of digits after the decimal point. So, since the given number has 2 digits after the decimal point, it will be multiplied and divided by 1 followed by 2 zeros (100)
  • Then you simply have to reduce the resulting fraction to its simplest form by dividing the numerator by the common multiples which it shares with the denominator. And there you are, the resulting number is the fraction form of the decimal.
Example: 8.78

= 8.78 * 100/100

= 878 / 100

= 439/50

If you want to convert this into a mixed fraction, divide 439 by 50. The quotient will be the main number, the remainder will be the numerator and the dividend will be the denominator. Hence, the mixed fraction is 8 39/50.

So this is how to convert decimals to fractions or mixed numbers. Let us take a similar example by seeing an example about converting repeating decimals to fractions. Now a number with repeating decimals does not terminate. So what do you do in this case? Let's take the number 0.29898...
  • The first step is to find out how many digits repeat. In this case, the number is 2. And the repeating digits come after '2'. So let's make that 3 digits. Hence, you multiply by the number with 1 and three zeros. i.e. 1000.
  • Hence you have 298.9898. Now divide only the integer by 1 less than what you multiplied the original number with i.e. 298/999. And this is your answer!
Convert 0.136136136... into a fraction.

Example: 0.136136136.

multiply

= 0.136136136 * 1000 (3 repeating digits)

= 136.136136136

divide integer to get the answer

= 136 / 999 (one less than the multiplier)

History of Maths

The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of discoveries in mathematics and, to a lesser extent, an investigation into the mathematical methods and notation of the past.

Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. The most ancient mathematical texts available arePlimpton 322 (Babylonian mathematics c. 1900 BC),[1] the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus (Egyptian mathematics c. 1850 BC), and the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (Egyptian mathematics c. 1650 BC).[2] All of these texts concern the so-called Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry.

The Greek and Hellenistic contribution greatly refined the methods (especially through the introduction of deductive reasoning and mathematical rigor in proofs) and expanded the subject matter of mathematics.[3]Chinese mathematics made early contributions, including a place value system.[4] The Hindu-Arabic numeral system and the rules for the use of its operations, in use throughout the world today, likely evolved over the course of the first millenium AD in India and was transmitted to the west via Islamic mathematics.[5][6] Islamic mathematics, in turn, developed and expanded the mathematics known to these civilizations.[7] Many Greek and Arabic texts on mathematics were then translated into Latin, which led to further development of mathematics in medieval Europe.

From ancient times through the Middle Ages, bursts of mathematical creativity were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an increasing pace that continues through the present day.

Maths is fun !!!!!


I introduced the Maths is Fun website to the class to enhance a variety of Numeracy skills. The pupils then worked (with a partner) to practice skills related to that particular day’s Numeracy lesson. The website gave opportunities for differentiation of a task, particularly in the Test Your Times Tables and Quick Maths Quiz section. Pupils were encouraged to choose the number operation requiring the most practice and the level of difficulty they should attempt. The beauty of the website is its variety and the ability to choose a test level suitable for a wide range of maths abilities. Moreover, the simple instructions and diagrams make the process of understanding and undertaking the task much quicker.

Monday, December 14, 2009

maths fun

A surface is any object which is locally like a piece of the plane. A sphere, a projective plane, a Klein bottle, a torus, a 2-holed torus are all examples of surfaces. We do not distinguish between a sphere and a deformed sphere... we say they are "topologically equivalent".
You know how to add numbers. But did you know that there is a way to add surfaces? It's called the "connect sum". To connect sum two surfaces you pull out a disc from each, creating "holes", and then sew the two surfaces together along the boundaries of the holes. This gives another surface! Connect sum a 1-holed torus to a 2-holed torus, and you get a 3-holed torus. Connect sum a projective plane with a projective plane, and you get a Klein+bottle! And, it can be shown that if you connect sum three projective planes it is the same surface as the connect sum of a torus and one projective plane!
The operation is commutative, associative and there is even an identity element: just add a sphere to any surface and you get back that surface!
But there is no "inverse" operation: you cannot connect sum a torus to anything and hope to get a sphere...

maths fun

A surface is any object which is locally like a piece of the plane. A sphere, a projective plane, a Klein bottle, a torus, a 2-holed torus are all examples of surfaces. We do not distinguish between a sphere and a deformed sphere... we say they are "topologically equivalent".
You know how to add numbers. But did you know that there is a way to add surfaces? It's called the "connect sum". To connect sum two surfaces you pull out a disc from each, creating "holes", and then sew the two surfaces together along the boundaries of the holes. This gives another surface! Connect sum a 1-holed torus to a 2-holed torus, and you get a 3-holed torus. Connect sum a projective plane with a projective plane, and you get a Klein+bottle! And, it can be shown that if you connect sum three projective planes it is the same surface as the connect sum of a torus and one projective plane!
The operation is commutative, associative and there is even an identity element: just add a sphere to any surface and you get back that surface!
But there is no "inverse" operation: you cannot connect sum a torus to anything and hope to get a sphere...